The Persian is a longhaired breed of cat characterized by its round face and shortened muzzle. One of the oldest cat breeds,[citation needed] it takes its name from its place of origin: Persia (Iran). Recognized by the cat fancy since the late 19th century, it was developed first by the English, and then mainly by American breeders after the Second World War. In Britain, it is called the Longhair or Persian Longhair.

The selective breeding carried out by breeders has allowed the development of a wide variety of coat colors, but has also led to the creation of increasingly flat-faced Persians. Favored by fanciers; this head structure can bring with it a number of health problems. As is the case with the Siamese breed, there have been efforts by some breeders to preserve the older type of cat with a more pronounced muzzle, which is more popular with the general public. The hereditary polycystic kidney disease is prevalent in the breed, affecting almost half the population in some countries.

The placid and homely nature of the Persian confers a propensity for apartment living. It has been the most popular breed in the United States for many years but its popularity has seen a decline in Britain and France. Personality Persians are very loving and affectionate. Although these long-haired beauties are attention-loving, they are extremely loving and seem like they would not even hurt a fly. Many breeders also say that their short legs advise them against jumping to high places with the risk of accidentally missing and falling to the ground.